Litigation (Legal Defense and/or representation in Court/Constitutional Court).

General Criminal Cases

General Criminal Cases are Criminal Cases that are materially regulated based on the Criminal Code (KUHP)/ Wetboek van Straftrecht (WvS) which are in effect based on Law No. 1 of 1946 and Law No. 73 of 1958 or which have been determined and regulated in Law No. 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code which will be enforced on January 3, 2026, while formally regulated by Law No. 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Law, including:

  • Crimes against the interests of state law.
  • Crimes against Positions and Certain Positions.
  • Crimes endangering public trust, letters, means of payment, evidence and the courts.
  • Crimes against life, body and health.
  • Crimes against property.
  • Crimes violating moral and decency norms.
  • Crimes against honor.
Special Criminal Cases

Special Criminal Cases are Criminal Cases that are not materially regulated in the Criminal Code (KUHP)/ Wetboek van Straftrecht (WvS) or that have been determined and regulated in Law No. 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code which will be enforced on January 3, 2026, while formally regulated both based on Law No. 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Law and other applicable provisions of Laws and Regulations, including:

  • Serious Crimes Against Human Rights.
  • Terrorism.
  • Corruption.
  • Money Laundering.
  • Narcotics.
  • Fisheries.
General Civil Cases

General Civil Cases are Civil Cases that are materially regulated based on the Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek voor Indonesie) based on Staatsblad 1847-23 dated May 1, 1848 or Civil Cases with Absolute Competency (Absolute Competency) are in the jurisdiction of the General Court, while formally for the Java and Madura regions they are regulated based on Het Herziene Indonesisch Reglement (HIR) and for regions outside Java and Madura they are regulated based on Reglement voor de Buitengewesten (RBg) and Reglement of de Burgelijke Rechtsvoordering (Rv), including:

  • Personal Law.
  • Family Law.
  • Property Law.
  • Inheritance Law.
Special Civil Cases

Special Civil Cases are Civil Cases that are materially regulated specifically based on the provisions of the Legislation and are generally regulated based on the Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek voor Indonesie) or Civil Cases with Absolute Competency (Absolute Competency) which are within the jurisdiction of the Special Courts within the General Courts, while formally regulated specifically based on the Legislation and in general for the Java and Madura regions are regulated based on Het Herziene Indonesisch Reglement) (HIR) and for regions outside Java and Madura are regulated based on the Reglement voor de Buitengewesten (RBg) and the Reglement of de Burgelijke Rechtsvoordering (Rv), including:

  • Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU).
  • Intellectual Property Rights.
  • Industrial Relations Court (PHI).
  • Cases of the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU).
  • Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency (BPSK) Cases.
  • Arbitration.
  • Political Party Cases.
  • Public Information Disclosure (KIP) Cases.
  • Fisheries.
State Administrative Cases

State Administrative Cases are State Administrative Disputes are disputes that arise in the field of state administration between individuals or civil legal entities with state administrative bodies or officials, both at the centre and in the regions, as a result of the issuance of state administrative decisions, including civil servant dispute based on Legislation or cases whose Absolute Competency is in the jurisdiction of the State Administrative Court as regulated by Law No. 5 of 1986 concerning the State Administrative Court as amended by Law No. 9 of 2004 and Law No. 51 of 2009.

Tax Cases

Tax Cases are Tax Disputes that arise in the field of taxation between Taxpayers or Taxpayers with authorized officials as a result of the issuance of a decision that can be appealed or sued to the Tax Court based on tax laws and regulations, including lawsuits regarding the implementation of tax collection.

Religious Civil Cases

Religious Civil Cases are disputes between people who are Muslim including individuals or legal entities who voluntarily submit themselves to Islamic law in the fields of marriage; inheritance; wills; grants; endowments; zakat; infaq; shadaqah; and sharia economics (sharia banks; sharia microfinance institutions; sharia insurance; sharia reinsurance; sharia mutual funds; sharia bonds and sharia medium-term securities; sharia securities; sharia financing; sharia pawnshops; sharia financial institution pension funds; and sharia business) or cases whose Absolute Competency is in the jurisdiction of the Religious Courts as regulated in Law No. 7 of 1989 concerning Religious Courts as amended by Law No. 3 of 2006 and Law No. 50 of 2009.

Constitutional Cases

Constitutional cases are cases concerning the judicial review of laws against the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia; disputes over the authority of state institutions whose authority is granted by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia; dissolution of political parties; and disputes over the results of general elections or cases whose Absolute Competency is within the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court as regulated in Law No. 24 of 2003 concerning the Constitutional Court as amended by Law No. 8 of 2011, Perpu No. 1 of 2013, and Law No. 7 of 2020.